{"id":684435,"date":"2025-11-18T17:05:21","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T16:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uges-isere.fr\/?p=684435"},"modified":"2025-11-18T17:07:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T16:07:06","slug":"ia-generative-vigilance-face-a-ses-limites-et-ses-dangers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uges-isere.fr\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/ia-generative-vigilance-face-a-ses-limites-et-ses-dangers\/","title":{"rendered":"IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative : vigilance face \u00e0 ses limites et ses dangers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Le Conseil d\u00e9partemental a adopt\u00e9 le 14 novembre 2025 une Charte de l\u2019usage de l\u2019intelligence artificielle g\u00e9n\u00e9rative \u00e0 destination des agents et \u00e9lus du D\u00e9partement de l\u2019Is\u00e8re. L&rsquo;occasion pour le groupe UGES de revenir sur les limites et les dangers de l&rsquo;IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La charte adopt\u00e9e \u00e0 destination des agents et \u00e9lus du D\u00e9partement de l\u2019Is\u00e8re est int\u00e9ressante et plut\u00f4t bien construite. Elle cible ainsi les diff\u00e9rents usages et limites de l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019IA \u00ab\u00a0Iris\u00a0\u00bb dans la collectivit\u00e9 d\u00e9partementale. A travers ce sujet, le groupe UGES a propos\u00e9 de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 ce que ce changement de fond implique en ayant une une r\u00e9flexion plus philosophique et politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La premi\u00e8re crainte de l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019IA est celle du remplacement de l\u2019humain par l\u2019outil num\u00e9rique.<\/strong> Lors du Comit\u00e9 Technique du 20 octobre dernier, les organisations syndicales du D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;Is\u00e8re ont d&rsquo;ailleurs bien insist\u00e9 sur le fait que l\u2019IA ne devait pas remplacer les agents. C\u2019est une crainte l\u00e9gitime que nous partageons. Mais nous pointons d\u2019autres impacts \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019IA :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les <strong>impacts environnementaux<\/strong> par exemple, pr\u00e9occupants \u00e0 bien des \u00e9gards. Les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effets de serre dus au num\u00e9rique ont plus que doubl\u00e9 ces 10 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es  Les d\u00e9chets physiques, le besoin en eau (refroidissement des centres de donn\u00e9es) sont autant de sujets inh\u00e9rents au d\u00e9veloppement du num\u00e9rique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/strong> n\u2019est pas infinie et celle que l\u2019on consacre aux infrastructures du num\u00e9rique n\u2019est par cons\u00e9quent pas utilisable ailleurs. La promesse des grandes entreprises de la tech&rsquo; d\u2019alimenter leurs infrastructures num\u00e9riques uniquement avec de l\u2019\u00e9nergie verte, m\u00eame si elle se r\u00e9alise, ne les absout nullement de leurs impacts environnementaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La premi\u00e8re raison invoqu\u00e9e par les utilisateurs de l\u2019IA est le <strong>gain de temps et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9<\/strong>, pour moins d\u2019efforts. C\u2019est aujourd\u2019hui ce qui semble compter le plus, dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui va vite, tr\u00e8s vite. Et cela doit nous questionner : avec le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019industrie num\u00e9rique et de son utilisation de plus en plus large quel que soit le domaine<strong>, saurons-nous toujours r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir par nous-m\u00eames, d\u00e9velopper notre esprit critique, ma\u00eetriser le langage et exprimer nos positions ?<\/strong> Rien n\u2019est moins s\u00fbr, parce que l\u2019IA ne fera pour nous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est de cette capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre le temps de la r\u00e9flexion qu\u2019il s\u2019agit, \u00e0 faire des recherches, \u00e0 croiser et comparer les sources, bref \u00e0 construire notre pens\u00e9e, vectrice de libert\u00e9 et de d\u00e9mocratie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Parce que c\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019imm\u00e9diatet\u00e9, c\u2019est renoncer \u00e0 utiliser nos facult\u00e9s. Progressivement, insidieusement.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de rendre possible \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle l\u2019analyse de radios de sant\u00e9 par exemple, cela peut-\u00eatre effectivement un progr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant. Avec quelques r\u00e9serves tout de m\u00eame sur les cas particuliers. Mais concernant l\u2019<strong>IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative<\/strong>, car c\u2019est de cela qu\u2019il s\u2019agit dans le rapport d\u00e9partemental qui nous a \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis, c\u2019est <strong>confier \u00e0 des syst\u00e8mes des t\u00e2ches qui jusque l\u00e0 mobilisaient nos facult\u00e9s intellectuelles et cr\u00e9atives<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent d\u00e9j\u00e0 que, avec l\u2019utilisation grandissante des r\u00e9seaux sociaux, <strong>certaines zones du cerveau ne sont plus ou tr\u00e8s peu utilis\u00e9es<\/strong>. Le MIT (Massachussetts Institute of Technology) a par exemple publi\u00e9 une \u00e9tude en juin 2025 en comparant deux groupes d\u2019\u00e9tudiants : un ayant utilis\u00e9 l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative pendant 4 mois et l\u2019autre pas. Le groupe ayant utilis\u00e9 l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative a obtenu de moins bons r\u00e9sultats que l\u2019autre. Et le MIT estime \u00e0 deux mois de sevrage le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour retrouver les facult\u00e9s c\u00e9r\u00e9brales \u00e9teintes. <strong>Les contenus \u00ab tous cuits \u00bb, produits finis, nous ne les analysons plus, nous les consommons.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 dans la charte d\u00e9partementale qu\u2019il faut garder notre esprit critique. Nous pouvons nous interroger : qui, dans quelques ann\u00e9es lorsque l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative sera massive, sera encore en capacit\u00e9 de prendre ce temps de recul pourtant n\u00e9cessaire, de <strong>croiser les informations et v\u00e9rifier les sources<\/strong> ? Ce chemin de pens\u00e9e si pr\u00e9cieux. En aurons-nous encore la capacit\u00e9 et le temps ? <strong>Douterons-nous d\u2019un outil d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s p\u00e9remptoire<\/strong>, qui, nous le savons, r\u00e9pond quelque chose m\u00eame s\u2019il ne sait pas, m\u00eame s\u2019il ne conna\u00eet pas le sujet ? Tout cela dans le but d\u2019aller plus vite et de c\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019imm\u00e9diatet\u00e9.<strong> En 1946 d\u00e9j\u00e0, Albert Camus d\u00e9non\u00e7ait les dangers de l\u2019instantan\u00e9it\u00e9 de l\u2019information<\/strong>. Il mettait en garde contre les fausses informations et la dictature de l\u2019audimat : \u00ab <em>L\u2019important n\u2019est pas d\u2019\u00eatre le premier, mais le meilleu<\/em>r \u00bb disait-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outre les impacts environnementaux et les impacts sur le cerveau, nous pointons \u00e9galement les impacts sociaux.<strong> Derri\u00e8re les technologies d&rsquo;IA g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives, il y a bien souvent des salari\u00e9s sous-pay\u00e9s<\/strong>, une industrie des \u00ab\u00a0travailleurs du clic\u00a0\u00bb, dans des pays africains, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/forcats-du-numerique-comment-une-decision-dejustice-%20au-kenya-fragilise-la-sous-traitance-des-multinationales-du-web-206896\">au Kenya notamment<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors bien s\u00fbr, <strong>des usages utiles de l&rsquo;IA peuvent exister<\/strong> mais ils doivent pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00eatre analys\u00e9s. Il est effectivement possible que l&rsquo;IA soit capable de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une partie du travail d&rsquo;un employ\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0junior\u00a0\u00bb par exemple, mais pas la vision globale d&rsquo;un employ\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0senior\u00a0\u00bb. Or, comment former des employ\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0senior\u00a0\u00bb, sinon en les faisant travailler sur des postes \u00ab\u00a0junior\u00a0\u00bb pendant un certain temps ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toujours en mati\u00e8re sociale, le num\u00e9rique \u00e9tant vendu comme un <strong>moyen de gagner du temps<\/strong>, comment r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la pression du temps et ne pas se br\u00fbler les ailes? A l\u2019heure o\u00f9 la France est en 36\u00e8me position concernant les conditions de travail, derni\u00e8re aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l\u2019Albanie, prenons tout de m\u00eame le temps de nous interroger. Quid de l\u2019<strong>acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la fracture num\u00e9rique dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui ne prend plus le temps de ralentir pour expliquer et accompagner le changement. <\/strong>On le voit clairement avec les bus et agences France Service du fait d\u2019une num\u00e9risation \u00e0 marche forc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enfin, il est important d&rsquo;aborder les <strong>impacts surr\u00e9alistes sur la sant\u00e9 mentale<\/strong> que nous constatons d\u00e9j\u00e0 : avec le d\u00e9veloppement des super-assistants IA, le risque est d\u2019\u00e9vacuer Autrui. Cet autre dont nous avons tant besoin, car nous sommes des \u00eatres sociaux. <strong>L\u2019IA suscite ainsi des d\u00e9pendances \u00e9motionnelles<\/strong> : des personnes consid\u00e8rent leur IA comme leur ami, se confient \u00e0 elle et sont fatalement frustr\u00e9es lorsqu\u2019elles re\u00e7oivent une r\u00e9ponse froide en retour. Cela semble relever de la fiction mais c\u2019est pourtant bien r\u00e9el et remet sur la table la question de la sant\u00e9 mentale.<strong> Ce sont des situations in\u00e9dites qui doivent nous conduire \u00e0 la plus grande des pr\u00e9cautions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u2019IA est politique, avec un grand P<\/strong>. Son poids \u00e9conomique est \u00e9crasant et c\u2019est pourquoi il est si difficile et mal per\u00e7u de prendre du recul et de la distance sur ce sujet. Pourtant, aucune technologie n\u2019est jamais neutre.<strong> La configuration politico-financi\u00e8re <\/strong>extr\u00eamement concentr\u00e9e dans laquelle se d\u00e9ploient ces outils est particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupante et devrait nous<em> <\/em>conduire \u00e0 une prise de conscience. M\u00eame si l\u2019on est impressionn\u00e9 par les capacit\u00e9s de ces outils et tent\u00e9 par ses promesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u2019IA entame un v\u00e9ritable changement de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et c\u2019est en cela que nous devons avancer avec prudence. Quitte \u00e0 ne pas \u00eatre le premier. Car vous connaissez la fable : <em>ce n\u2019est pas toujours celui qui court le plus vite&#8230;qui gagne.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Conseil d\u00e9partemental a adopt\u00e9 le 14 novembre 2025 une Charte de l\u2019usage de l\u2019intelligence artificielle g\u00e9n\u00e9rative \u00e0 &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":684436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,392,355],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-citoyennete-et-institution","category-seance-publique-debat-dorientation-budgetaire-2026-novembre-2025","category-sp-2025"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IA 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